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NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE 
CINCINNATI 





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NORTH CAROLINA 

SOCIETY OF 
THE CINCINNATI 



BY 



CHARLES LUKENS DAVIS 

BRIGADIER-GENERAL UNITED STATES ARMY, RETIRED 

SECRETARY OF THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY 

OF THE CINCINNATI 




BOSTON: MDCCCCVII 



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AUG 17 190/ 

iCcDvntM Entry 



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COPYRIGHT 1907 BY THE NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 



PREFACE 

The compilation of this book was undertaken by the 
undersigned at the solicitation of a few members of the 
North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, with the main 
object of collecting the few threads that exist of the his- 
tory of the Society in such form that they may not pass 
into oblivion, and with the earnest hope that this com- 
pilation may inspire research and lay the foundation for 
a greater work by some future historian. 

For the list of the honorary members of the original 
North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, the compiler 
is indebted to the Society of the Cincinnati in Rhode 
Island and Providence Plantations, through whose cour- 
tesy it was furnished. 

CHARLES L. DAVIS. 



CONTENTS 

Historical Sketch of the Society of the Cincinnati, with special 

REFERENCE TO THE StATE SoCIETY IN NoRTH CAROLINA .... 3 

Officers of the General Society of the Cincinnati from its 
Institution in 1783 65 

Officers of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 
from its Organization at Hillsborough, N. C, October 23, 

1783 70 

List of Original and Hereditary and of the Present Honorary 

Members of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 72 
Necrology of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 

since its Reorganization in 1896 8g 

By-Laws of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati . . 95 

Charter of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati . . 105 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

FACING PAGE 

General George Washington Frontispiece 

Major-General Henry Knox 2 . 

Major-General Frederick William Augustus Steuben . .4 

The Verplanck Mansion as it appeared in 1783 ... 6 

The Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati ... 8 

Cincinnatus 10 

Major-General Robert Howe 16 

Governor Alexander Martin 18 

Colonel Benjamin Hawkins 20 

Honorable William Richardson Davie 22 

Lieutenant-Colonel John Baptista Ashe 24 

Major Reading Blount 26 

The Decoration of the Society of the Cincinnati . . .28 

Diploma of Lieutenant Joseph Brevard 30 

Major Griffith John McRee 32 

Major William Polk 34 

Surgeon David Ramsay 36 

Captain Samuel Ashe, Jr 38 

Captain John Daves 40 

Captain Alfred Moore 42 

Captain William Lytle 44 

Captain Martin Phifer 46 

Captain Joshua Hadley 48 

ix 



ILLUSTRATIONS 

Captain Benjamin Cattell 50 

Lieutenant Nathaniel Lawrence 52 

Lieutenant Joseph Brevard 54 

Certificate of Delegates from North Carolina to Meeting of 

THE General Society in 1784 55 

Lieutenant Thomas Amis 56 

Lieutenant Charles Polk 58 

Lieutenant John Hill 60 

The Jewelled Decoratton 62 

The Flag of the Cincinnati 64 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

OF THE 

SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

By General Charles L. Davis, U. S. A. 



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HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE 
SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

In the spring of 1783, a large part of the Continental 
Army of the American Revolution was in cantonment at 
New Windsor, on the west of the Hudson River, near 
Newburgh, N. Y. After a struggle lasting eight years, 
a cessation of hostilities had been announced; a new 
government was about to be formed, and comrades of 
many years of suffering, danger, and glory, attached to 
one another by exertion made in a severe struggle for the 
attainment of their rights as free-born Englishmen, were 
about to part, many of them never to meet again. A 
means of perpetuating the friendships formed under the 
pressure of common danger, in which many of them had 
shed their blood, impelled them to combine themselves 
into a Society of Friends, to perpetuate as well the re- 
membrance of the vast event which made us a nation 
as the friendships formed in the many campaigns and 
battles through which they had served together. The 
officers of the army therefore determined to create a 
permanent Mihtary Order, which should perpetuate the 

3 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

ties of friendship formed in the service, and provide a 
fund, the interest of which should be used for the reUef 
of such as might be so unfortunate as to need it. 

Of a great portion of the officers, many of whom 
had served during the entire period of the war and bore 
scars of wounds, as well as having sacrificed whatever 
of fortune they may have possessed, Washington said 
that " nothing awaited them upon disbandment but 
the doors of a debtor's prison." 

The long existing ties which, in consequence of the 
common hardships and the dangers of a long and pro- 
tracted war, had united these old companions in arms, 
were now more closely cemented by the treatment which 
they had experienced from their ungrateful country. 
They had been without pay for a long time, and the army 
was about to be disbanded with no provision for their 
future. They had a very sad and desperate future be- 
fore them when, helpless and totally devoid of means, 
they retired to civil life. It is to this wretched prospect, 
as well as to the feeling of mutual dependence engen- 
dered by long association and the regret at approaching 
separation, and perhaps somewhat to the suspicion 
natural to men whose patience has been severely tried, 
that we may attribute the suggestion of such an asso- 
ciation. 

4 




^2>o-\1^5" 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Although the idea of forming a society of the officers 
had been discussed in the camp during 1782, who first 
conceived the plan of such a society is uncertain, but 
it has been attributed to Major-General Henry Knox, 
who is known to have had great confidence in the final 
result of the war and, as early as 1776, to have expressed 
the wish that he might transmit to his posterity some 
ribbon or other token of his service in defence of the 
liberties of the colonies. Doubtless he obtained from 
Baron de Steuben, who was a Major-General and 
Inspector-General on the staff of General Washington, 
a suggestion as to what form the Military Order should 
take; doubtless, as well, the wearing of the Order of 
Saint Louis by the cooperating French officers sug- 
gested the adoption of a decoration to be used by mem- 
bers of the Society. We think, however, we are near the 
truth in expressing the opinion that the plan, though 
very indistinct at first, originated simultaneously in 
the minds of many of the officers, and that, in discuss- 
ing the subject, it gained definite shape and character- 
istic form by degrees. To the foreign officers, especially 
General Steuben, who constantly wore the star of the 
Order of Fidelity which had been bestowed upon him, 
in 1769, by the Margrave of Baden, may probably be 
attributed the authorship of the wearing of a decora- 

5 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

tion for the foreign officers, considered an order of great 
value as a conspicuous proof of their participation in 
such a glorious war. 

Major-General Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery, was, 
at the time referred to, in command of West Point, 
N. Y.; Major General Frederick William Augustus 
Steuben (Baron de Steuben of Prussia) was in quarters 
at the Verplanck Mansion, "Mount Gulian," above 
Fishkill, N. Y., on the east bank of the Hudson River. 
In the cantonment there were, at this time, many Gen- 
eral and Staff Officers, the Corps of Engineers, Corps 
of Cavalry, two regiments of Artillery, some Invalid 
Regiments, and about sixteen regiments of Infantry, 
eight being from Massachusetts, three from Connecticut, 
two from New York, a regiment and a half from New 
Jersey, half a regiment from Maryland, and a regiment 
and a half from New Hampshire. The Rhode Island 
regiment was at Saratoga Barracks, Schuylerville, N. Y., 
on the upper Hudson. The remainder of the infantry 
regiments were mainly in the Southern Department, 
while some were to the westward. 

Proposals for establishing such a society having 
been communicated to the several regiments and corps, 
each appointed an officer who, in conjunction with all 
the Generals, excepting one (General Stark), and a 

6 




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THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

representation of the various staff departments met 
on May lo, 1783, in the "Pubhc Building," some- 
times called the New Building or Temple, which had 
been erected for religious and other public services at 
the Cantonment of the Main Continental Army at 
New Windsor, near Newburgh, N. Y., at which meeting 
Major-General Baron de Steuben, the senior officer 
present, presided. The New Hampshire and Rhode 
Island regiments were the only ones not represented. 
There was laid before them a paper in the handwriting 
of General Knox, dated West Point, 15th April, 1783, 
styled in an endorsement thereon, also in General 
Knox's handwriting, "Rough draft of a Society to be 
formed by the American Officers, and to be called 
'The Cincinnati.'" 

After full consideration and several amendments, 
the proposals were adopted and referred to a committee, 
composed of Generals Knox, Hand, and Huntington 
and Captain Shaw, to prepare a fair copy to be laid 
before a future assembly at their next meeting, to be 
held at the quarters of Major-General Baron de Steu- 
ben on Tuesday, May 13, 1783. 

At this meeting, held at the Verplanck Mansion ' and 

' In May, 1883, the Centennial of the Order of the Cincinnati was pleas- 
antly celebrated at the old Verplanck Mansion on " Mount Gulian," by a visit 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

over which General Stueben presided, the fair copy was 
read and signed by those present. It is as follows: 

THE INSTITUTION OF THE SOCIETY OF THE 
CINCINNATI 

OBJECTS OF THE ORDER 

"It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the 
Universe, in the disposition of human affairs, to 
cause the separation of the colonies of North America 
from the domination of Great Britain, and, after a 
bloody conflict of eight years, to establish them free, 
independent and sovereign States, connected, by alli- 
ances founded on reciprocal advantage, with some of 
the great princes and powers of the earth. 

"To perpetuate, therefore, as well the remembrance 
of this vast event, as the mutual friendships which have 
been formed under the pressure of common danger, 
and, in many instances, cemented by the blood of 

of many of its members. On that occasion the Cincinnati were welcomed 
by the late Mr. William Samuel Verplanck, who then owned the property. 
One of the features of this visit was the reading of the Institution of the So- 
ciety by the venerable Vice-President of the New York State Society of the 
Cincinnati, William S. Popham, in the "Cincinnati Room," as had been done 
one hundred years before on the founding of the Society. Again, May 12, 
1899, the General Society of the Order, as guests of the New York State 
Society of the Cincinnati, met at the Verplanck Mansion, and were hospitably 
received by Mr. William E. Verplanck. 

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THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

the parties, the officers of the American Army do 
hereby, in the most solemn manner, associate, con- 
stitute and combine themselves into one Society of 
Friends, to endure as long as they shall endure, or 
any of their eldest male posterity,' and, in failure 

' At the time the provision was adopted confining hereditary membership 
to "any of their eldest male posterity, and, in failure thereof, the collateral 
branches who may be judged worthy," the law of England as to primo- 
geniture prevailed in the original thirteen States, and it was deemed that 
the one who inherited the family estate, and, therefore, remained at home, 
would be best able to give effect to the national patriotic and benevolent 
objects of the Institution. 

The law of primogeniture, as stated by Blackstone (Book II, chap. 14) 
was as follows: 

I. A general rule or canon is, that the male issue shall be admitted before 
the female. 

II. Where there are two or more males, in equal degree, the eldest only 
shall inherit; but the females all together. 

III. The lineal descendants, ad infinitum, of any person deceased shall re- 
present their ancestor; that is, shall stand in the same place as the person 
himself would have done, had he been living. 

Thus the child, grandchild or great-grandchild (either male or female) of 
the eldest son succeeds before the younger son, and so aJ infinitum. 

IV. On failure of lineal descendants, or issue, of the person last seized, the 
inheritance shall descend to his collateral relations, being of the blood of the 
first purchaser ; subject to the three preceding rules. 

V. The collateral heir of the person last seized must be his next collateral 
kinsman of the whole blood. 

First, he must be his next collateral kinsman, either personally or jure 
representationis : which proximity is reckoned according to the canonical 
degrees of consanguinity before mentioned. — The issue or descendants, 
therefore, of John Stiles' brother are all of them in the first degree of kindred 
with respect to inheritances, those of his uncle in the second, those of his 
great-uncle in the third: as their respective ancestors, if living, would have 

9 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

thereof, the collateral branches who^ may be judged 
worthy of becoming its supporters and Members. 

NAME OF THE ORDER 

" The Officers of the American Army having gener- 
ally been taken from the citizens of America, possess 
high veneration for the character of that illustrious 
Roman, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus; and being 
resolved to follow his example, by returning to their 
citizenship, they think they may with propriety denom- 
inate themselves 

THE SOCIEIY OF THE CINCINNATI 
"The following principles shall be immutable and 

form the basis of the Society of the Cincinnati: 

"An incessant attention to preserve inviolate those 

exalted rights and liberties of human nature, for which 

been; and are severally called to the succession in right of such, their re- 
presentativi- proximity. — Thus, if John Stiles dies without issue, his estate 
shall iksiind to Francis, hi.s brother, or his representatives; he being lineally 
descended from Geoffrey Stiles, John's ne.xt immediate ancestor, or father. 

These rules of primogeniture were modified by the Institution of the Cin- 
cinnati, under the limitation clause of "eldest male posterity," so that every 
male descendant of an Original Member should be entitled to preference in 
succession and as next of kin over anv male descendant through an inter- 
vening female descendant. In other words, male descendants of the surname 
of the Original Member should be preferred over male descendants through 
intermediate females whose surnames were different. 

' The words, " and in failure thereof, the collateral branches," were not 
in the " Proposals," but deliberately inserted as an amendment thereto. 

ID 




CINCINNATUS 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

they have fought and bled, and without which the 
high rank of a rational being is a curse instead of a 
blessing. 

"An unalterable determination to promote and 
cherish, between the respective States, that union and 
national honor so essentially necessary to their happi- 
ness, and the future dignity of the American empire. 

"To render permanent the cordial affection sub- 
sisting among the Officers. This spirit will dictate 
brotherly kindness in all things, and particularly ex- 
tend to the most substantial acts of beneficence, accord- 
ing to the ability of the Society, towards those officers 
and their families, who unfortunately may be under 
the necessity of receiving it. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE GENERAL AND STATE 
SOCIETIES 

" The General Society will, for the sake of frequent 
communications, be divided into State Societies,' and 

' At this time there were no postal facilities in the United States, and but 
very few good wagon-roads, and these only for short distances. 

Travelling was tedious, expensive, and attended with discomfort, and often 
with privation and hardship, and was principally performed on horseback. 

Much the larger number of the Continental Army officers had already 
gone to their homes by reason of having been rendered supernumerat)- in one 
or other of the reductions and consolidations ordered by the Continental 
Congress, and all Continental Naval officers had been discharged. 

As all these men were entitled of right to sign the Roll and become 

II 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

these again into such districts as shall be directed by 
the State Society. 

STATE SOCIETIES DIVIDED INTO DISTRICTS 

"The Societies of the districts to meet as often as 
shall be agreed upon by the State Society, those of the 
State on the fourth day of July annually, or oftener, 
if they shall find it expedient, and the General Society 
on the first Monday in May, annually, so long as they 
shall deem it necessary, and afterwards, at least once 
in every three years. 

PRINCIPLES OF INSTITUTION CONSIDERED 

"At each meeting, the Principles of the Institution 
will be fully ' considered, and the best measures to pro- 
mote them adopted. 

STATE SOCIETIES — OF WHOM COMPOSED 

"The State Societies will consist of all the members 
resident in each State respectively; and any member 

Original IMcmhcrs, most of them, for the above reason, would have been 
deprived of this privilege but for this expedient of subdividing the General 
Society, for the sake of frequent communications, into State Societies. 

' In the "Proposals" the word "fully" was omitted. 

By its insenion in the Institution, as adopted, the duty is devolved upon 
the General Society, as well as upon every State Society, to fully consider 
the principles of the Institution at every meeting and adopt the best measures 
to promote them. 

12 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

removing from one State to another is to be considered, 
in all respects, as belonging to the Society of the State 
in which he shall actually reside.' 

OFFICERS OF STATE SOCIETIES 

"The State Societies to have a President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, Secretary, Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer, 
to be chosen annually, by a majority of votes, at the 
State meeting. 

DUTIES OF STATE SOCIETIES 

"Each State meeting shall vi^rite annually, or oftener, 
if necessary, a circular letter, to the State Societies, 
noting whatever they may think worthy of observation, 

' This clause has been construed, by the action of the General and the 
State Societies, as being limited to Original Members who were the Found- 
ers of the Order, and who respectively gave an order for their month's pay 
to the Paymaster-General, by whom the same was transferred to the State 
Society with which the officers respectively first affiliated. 

Although Hereditary and Honorary Members, properly admitted into any 
State Society, are all members of "One Society of Friends," nevertheless, as 
any beneficial interest which any such member may have, or may be entitled 
to, must be in the permanent Fund of the State Society wherein was deposited 
his own contribution or that of his propositus, it has come to be a uniform 
rule that any such member is not at liberty, by reason of residence in another 
State wherein there is a State Society, to claim in such State Society, without 
its occurrence in the nature of a regular transfer, accompanied by a transfer 
of his contribution to the Permanent Fund of the Society to which trans- 
ferred, other privilege than of the floor, or other right than to panicipate 
conjointly in any patriotic or other celebration or ceremony. 

13 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

respecting the good of the Society, or the general union 
of the States, and giving information of the officers 
chosen for the current year: copies of these letters shall 
be regularly transmitted to the Secretar}^-General of the 
Society, who will record them in a book to be assigned 
for that purpose. 

POWERS OF STATE SOCIETIES 

"The State Society will regulate everything ^ respect- 
ing itself and the Societies in its districts consistent 
with the general maxims of the Cincinnati, judge of the 
qualifications of the members who may be proposed, 
and expel anv member who. by conduct inconsistent 
with a gentleman and a man of honor, or by an opposi- 
tion to the interests of the community in general, or the 
Society in particular, may render himself unwonhy to 
continue a member. 

' In the " Proposals" the clause read that the State Society " vfill have the 
right" to regulate everything respecting itself. 

It was stricken out and the clause thus materially changed because in 
all MUitan^ Socieries and Orders of reputarion supervisory authority is 
ex necessitate rei vested somewhere to enforce compliance with its statutes. 
The General Societ}- was not consdtuted by the State Socieries, but was, 
'■for the sake of frequent communicauons," di%-ided into State Socieries as 
agents for specified purposes, which could not then conveniently be per- 
formed by the General Society. 

14 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

FUNDS OF STATE SOCIETIES — HOW COMPOSED 

*Tn order to form funds which may be respectable, 
and assist the unfortunate, each officer shall deliver to 
the Treasurer of the State Society one month's pay, 
which shall remain forever to the use of the State 
Society; the interest only, of which, if necessary, to 
be appropriated to the relief of the unfortunate. 

DONATIONS 

"Donations may be made by persons not of the 
Society, and by members of the Society, for the express 
purpose of forming permanent funds for the use of the 
State Society, and the interests of these donations 
appropriated in the same manner as that of the month's 
pay. 

SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR RELIEF 

"Moneys, at the pleasure of each member, may be 
subscribed in the Societies of the districts, or the State 
Societies, for the relief of the unfortunate members, or 
their widows or orphans, to be appropriated by the 
State Society only. 

GENERAL SOCIETY — OF WHOM COMPOSED 

"The meeting of the General Society shall consist of 
its officers and a representation from each State Society, 

15 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

in number not exceeding five/ whose expenses shall 
be borne by their respective State Societies. 

GENERAL OFFICERS AND TERM OF SERVICE 

"In the general meeting, the President, Vice-Presi- 
dent, Secretary, Assistant Secretary', Treasurer, and 
Assistant Treasurer-Generals, shall be chosen, to serve 
until the next meeting. 

BUSINESS OF GENERAL SOCIETY 

"The circular letters, which have been written by 
the respective State Societies to each other, and their 
particular laws,' shall be read and considered, and all 
measures concerted which may conduce to the general 
intendment of the Society. 

' In the '"Proposals" it was declared that "the General Meeting of the 
Society shall consist of all the members who find it convenient to attend," 
and the President, Secretarj-, and Treasurer of every State Society were 
required to attend. The expressions "General" Meeting and "General" 
Society- conveyed the intent emphasized in this clause ot the "Proposals," 
that such General Meeting was the consoUdated Representative Authority. 
The method proposed, however, being cumbersome, was amended so as to 
provide for an equal representation from ever)" State Society. 

' In the "Proposals," nothing was mentioned as to the "particular laws" 
of every State Society. 

By the Institution, as agreed upon 13th May, 17S3, the General Society 
is imperatively required, at every general meeting, to cause to be read the 
circular letters and particular laws of every State Society and to consider them 
and "concert all measures which may conduce to the general intendment 
of the Society." 

16 




^"l^rtU^/- ^oi.^^ 



1732-17S5 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

FUNDS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY 

"It is probable that some persons may make dona- 
tions to the General Society, for the purpose of estab- 
lishing funds for the further comfort of the unfortunate, 
in which case, such donations must be placed in the 
hands of the Treasurer-'General, the interests only of 
which to be disposed of, if necessary, by the general 
meeting. 

QUALIFICATIONS FOR ORIGINAL AND HEREDITARY 
MEMBERSHIP 

"All the officers of the American army, as well as 
those who have resigned with honor, after three years' 
service in the capacity of officers,' or who have been 
deranged by the resolution of Congress upon the several 
reforms of the army, as those who shall have continued 
to the end of the war, have the right to become parties 
to this institution; provided that they subscribe one 
month's pay, and sign their names to the general rules, 
in their respective State Societies, those who are present 
with the Army immediately; and others within six 

' The "Proposals" authorized any officer who had resigned with honor to 
become a part of the Institution, but this right was limited by amendment 
so that no officer who had served less than three years under Continental 
pay could become an Original Member unless he had been rendered super- 
numerary in one of the several reductions of the Army by the Continental 
Congress, or was in service when the Army was disbanded. 

The " Proposals " made no reference to Honorary Members. 

17 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

months after the Army shall be disbanded, extraordi- 
nar)- cases excepted ;' the rank, time of senice, resolution 
of Congress by which any have been deranged, and 
place of residence must be added to each name — and, 
as a testimony of affection to the memon," and the off- 
spring of such officers as have died in the service, their 
eldest male branches shall have the same right of 
becoming members, as the children of the actual mem- 
bers of the Society. 

FOREIGN OFFICERS 

"Those officers who are foreigners, not resident in 
any of the States, will have their names enrolled by the 
Secretan,"-General, and are to be considered as members 
in the Societies of any of the States in which they may 
happen to be. 

HONORARY MEMBERS 

"-And as there are, and will at all times be, men 
in the respective States eminent for their abilities and 
patriotism, whose views may be directed to the same 

* When the Insdturion was adopted, it was not foreseen that the Continental 
Congress would not give the promised half pay for life. Consequently many 
officers who had been retired in one of the several reductions of the army 
wen; unable to contribute the required month's pay and never subscribed to 
the Instittition. 

.^y such officer always had the right to subscribe, and ever}- such case was 
deemed " extraordinary." 

iS 




GOVERNOR ALEXANDER MARTIN 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

laudable objects with those of the Cincinnati, it shall 
be a rule to admit such characters, as Honorary Mem- 
bers of the Society, for their own lives only: Provided 
always, that the number of Honorary Members, in 
each State, does not exceed a ratio of one to four of the 
officers or their descendants. 

ROLL 

"Each State Society shall obtain a list of its members, 
and at the first annual meeting, the State Secretary 
shall have engrossed, on parchment, two copies of the 
Institution of the Society, which every member present 
shall sign, and the Secretary shall endeavor to procure 
the signature of every absent member; one of those 
lists to be transmitted to the Secretary-General, to be 
kept in the archives of the Society, and the other to 
remain in the hands of the State Secretary. From the 
State lists, the Secretary-General must make out, at 
the first general meeting, a complete list of the whole 
Society, with a copy of which he will furnish each State 
Society. 

ORDER OF THE CINCINNATI 

"The Society shall have an Order, by which its 
members shall be known and distinguished, which shall 
be a medal of gold, of a proper size to receive the 

19 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

emblems, and suspended by a deep blue riband two 
inches wide, edged with white, descriptive of the union 
of France and America, \iz.: 

^lEDAL OF THE ORDER DESCRIBED 
" The principal figure, 

CINCINNATUS: 

Three Senitvirs piesenting ^im with a swoxJ in J cdier militirr enagns — ca a fieli in the 
l^ckgtouQd, his wife standins; at the licvir of their cottage — near it 

A PLOUGH .VNT? I^-STRl•MI:^•TS OF HrSB.\XT5RY. 

Round d>e whole, 

OMNIA RELIQllT SERVARE REMPUBLICAM. 

On the reverse. 

Sun rising — a dtr with own gats*. ac3 vessels entenng the peat — Fame crownii^ 
dNCIXXATVS with a wreath, iasaribed 

MRTITIS PR.\EMIUM. 

Bei-'w, 
H.\XDS JOIXED. SO-PORTING A HE.\RT 

with the n:,--.-. 

E5TO PERFErL".\. 

Re- -' " '-. 

SOCIETAS CINCIXXATOROI IXSTITITA. 

20 



^\ yj« 



MMky-. 4 




I 







s 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

FRENCH NAVAL AND MILITARY MEMBERS 

The Society, deeply impressed with a sense of the gen- 
erous assistance this country has received from France, 
and desirous of perpetuating the friendships which have 
been formed, and so happily subsisted, between the 
officers of the allied forces in the prosecution of the 
war, direct that the President-General submit, as soon 
as may be, to each of the characters hereafter named, 
a medal containing the Order of the Society, viz.: 

His Excellency the Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister 
Plenipotentiary, 

His Excellency the Sieur Gerard, late Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, 
Their Excellencies 
The Count de Estaing, 
The Count de Grasse, 
The Count de Barras, 
The Chevalier des Touches, 

Admirals and Commanders in the Navy, 
His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau, Com- 
mander-in-Chief, 

And the Generals and Colonels in his Army, and 
acquaint them that the Society does itself the honor to 
consider them members.' 

' The "Proposals" were quite different, and merely provided that all of 

21 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

FORM OF OBLIGATION OF MEMBERSHIP 

Resolved, That a copy of the aforegoing Institu- 
tion be given to the senior officer of each State hne, 
and that the officers of the respective State Unas sign 
their names to the same, in manner and form following, 
viz. : 

"We, the subscribers, officers of the American Army, do 
hereby voluntarily become parties to the foregoing Institu- 
tion, and do bind ourselves to observe, and be governed by, 
the principles therein contained. For the performance whereof 
we do solemnly pledge to each other our sacred honor. 

" Done in the Cantonment, on Hudson's River, in the year 
1783." 

That the members of the Society, at the time of sub- 
scribing their names to the Institution, do also assign a 

the French officers who sen-ed in the AuxiHaty Army under Lieutenant- 
General Count de Rochambeau should have their names and Civil and Mil- 
itary titles and places of residence inscribed in the Archives of the Society, 
and that they should be entitled to all of the civilities and friendships of the 
Society. 

Neither the officers of the Cooperating Army who had serv^ed under 
Vice-.\dmiral and Lieutenant-General Count D'Estaing in Rhode Island in 
177S, and at the siege and assault of Savannah in 1 779, nor the French 
Naval officers who had served on the American coast were included in the 
" Proposals." 

The clause was, consequently, amended so as to make members of such 
officers — with the limitation, however, that not all such officers, but only 
those who should have held during the service the rank of Colonel or superior 
army rank, or held the grade of Flag Officer, should be eligible to original 
membership. 

22 




^^ 



1756-1820 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

draft on the Paymaster-General, in the following terms 
(the regiments to do it regimentally, and the generals 
and other officers not belonging to regiments, each for 
himself, individually), viz.: 

FORM OF DRAFT FOR ONE MONTh's PAY 

To John Pierce, Esquire, Paymaster-General to the Army 

of the United States. 

Sir: — Please pay to Treasurer for the 

State association of the Cincinnati, or his order, one month's 
pay of our several grades respectively, and deduct the same 
from the balance which shall be found due to us on the final 
liquidation of our accounts; for which this shall be your 
warrant. 

FIRST MEETING OF STATE SOCIETIES 

That the members of the several State Societies as- 
semble as soon as may be, for the choice of their Presi- 
dent and other officers; and that the Presidents corre- 
spond together, and appoint a meeting of the officers 
who may be chosen from each State, in order to pursue 
such further measures as may be judged necessary. 

SIGNATURES TO THE INSTITUTION 

That the General officers, and the officers delegated 
to represent the several corps of the Army, subscribe 
to the Institution of the General Society, for themselves 

23 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

and their constituents, in the manner and form before 
prescribed. 

GENERAL WASHINGTON INVITED TO SUBSCRIBE 

That General Heath, General Baron de Steuben, 
and General Knox be a committee to wait on his Ex- 
eellencv the Commander-in-Cliief, with a copy of the 
instituticMi, and request him to honor the Society by 
placiiit:; his name at the head o\' it.' 

TRANSMISSION OF INSTITUTION TO COMMANDING OFFICER 

AT EACH CONTINENTAL ST.\TE LINE ABSENT AT 

OTHER ST.vnONS 

That MajiM-General William Heath, second in 
comm.md in this army. be. and he hereby is, desired 
to tv.insniit copies o( the Institution, with the proceed- 
ings thereon, to the commanding officer of the Southern 
.Armv, the senior officer in each State, from Pennsyl- 
vania to Georgia, inclusive, and to the commanding 
officer oi the Rliode Island line, requesting them to 
coninuuucate the same to the officers under their several 
commands, and to take sucli measures as may appear 

' On M.iy iS, i^S^.C^cncral Stculion arranged with Goiur.il Hcatli to put 
this resolution into execution. Tlu\- waited upon General Washington at 
one o'clock on Tuesvlav, May ;o, 17^^ and secured his signature at the 
head of the list ot" signatures to the Institution. 

-2+ 




^cr'^^ fj o-/^t{jf~CLiyf.jw 



C4i''-iSoi 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

to them necessary for expediting the estabUshment of 
their State Societies, and sending a delegation to repre- 
sent them in the first general meeting, to be holden on 
the first Monday in May, 1784. 

The meeting then adjourned without day. 

Brevet Major Pierre Charles L'Enfant, a French- 
man, of the Continental Corps of Engineers, to whom 
the design for the decoration to be worn by the mem- 
bers of the Order had been referred, objected to a 
medal as an unsuitable emblem for a mihtary order, 
and suggested the Bald Eagle as peculiar to America 
and distinguished from that of other climes by its white 
head and tail. At a meeting of the Society which appears 
to have been called at the Public Building in the Can- 
tonment of the American Army, this and other impor- 
tant matters were considered as follows: 

CANTONMENT 

OF THE AMERICAN ARMY, I9TH OF JUNE, I783. 

Meeting of igth of June, 1783 

At a meeting of the General officers, and the gentle- 
men delegated by the respective regiments, as a con- 
vention for establishing the Society of the Cincinnati, 
held by the request of the President, at which were 
present: 

25 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Major-General Baron de Steuben, Inspector-General, 
President. 

Major-General Robert Howe. 

Major-General Henry Knox, Chief of the Continental 
Corps of Artillery. 

Brigadier-General John Patterson. 

Brigadier-General Edward Hand, Adjutant-General. 

Brigadier-General Jedediah Huntington. 

Brigadier-General Rufus Putnam. 

Colonel Samuel Blachley Webb, 3d Regiment Con- 
necticut Continental Infantry. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Ebenezer Huntington, ist Regi- 
ment Connecticut Continental Infantry. 

Major Joseph Pettingill, ist Regiment Massachu- 
setts Continental Infantry. 

Lieutenant John Whiting, Adjutant 2d Regiment 
Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 

Colonel Henry Jackson, 4th Regiment Massachu- 
setts Continental Infantry. 

Captain Samuel Shaw, 3d Regiment Continental 
Corps of Artillery. 

Lieutenant-Colonel William Hull, 3d Regiment 
Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Hugh Maxwell, 8th Regiment 
Massachusetts Continental Infantry. 

26 




KKADINC; lil.OlN'l' 
1756 1S07 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, 2(1 Regiment New 
York Continental Infantry. 

BARON Steuben's report 

General Baron de Steuben acquainted the Conven- 
tion that he had, agreeably to their request, at the last 
meeting, transmitted to his Excellency the Chevalier de 
la Luzerne, Minister Plenipotentiary from the Court 
of France, a copy of the Institution of the Society of 
the Cincinnati, with their vote respecting his Excel- 
lency, and the other characters therein mentioned, 
and that his Excellency had returned an answer, de- 
claring his acceptance of the same, and expressing the 
grateful sense he entertains of the honor conferred on 
himself, and the other gentlemen of the French nation, 
by this act of the Convention. 

Resolved, That the letter of the Chevalier dela Luzerne 
be recorded in the archives of the Society, as a testimony 
of the high sense this Convention entertains of the 
honor done to the Society by his becoming a member 
thereof. 



27 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

REPLY OF THE CHEVALIER DE LA LUZERNE 

The letter is as follows: 

Philadelphia, 3d June, 1783. 

Monsieur le Baron, — I have received with much grati- 
tude the Institution of the respectable Order that the officers 
of the American Army have founded. If courage, patience, 
and all the virtues that this brave army have so often dis- 
played in the course of this war could ever be forgotten, this 
monument alone should recall them. I dare assure you, sir, 
that all the officers of my nation tliat you have been pleased 
to admit in your Society will be infinitely honored by it. I 
pray you to be fully persuaded, I feel, for my part, in the 
most lively manner, the honor the officers of the army have 
done me in deicrninc to think of me on this occasion. 

I e.\pect to pay my respects to his excellence, General 
Washington, as soon as the definite treaty shall be signed, 
and I shall have the honor of assuring them, personally, of 
my respectful acknowledgement. 

I seize, \\'ith great eagerness, this occasion of expressing 
to you the sentiments of the most pertect and most respectful 
attachment with which I have the honor to be. Monsieur le 
Baron, your very humble and obedient servant, 

Le Chevalier de la Luzerne. 

To Baron de Steuben, Major-General in the service of the United 
States, Head Quarters. 

The Baron having also communicated a letter from 
Major L'Enfant, enclosing a design of the medal and 
order, containing the emblems of the Institution, 



28 




From an original Dtxoralion (jf ihr Ortlcr ef ihf 
Cincinnati made fnr Colonel Anthnny Walton Wiiite, 
who, in 1797, i'xchan_m*ti with General Tlia(.li.leus 
Kosciusko for one maile from the die of the original 
Decoration which was lost during the Reign of Ter- 
ror in France. 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

AMENDATORY RESOLUTION AS TO ORDER OF THE 
CINCINNATI 

Resolved, That the bald eagle, carrying the emblems 
on its breast, be established as the order of the Society, 
and that the ideas of Major L'Enfant, respecting it 
and the manner of its being worn by the members, be 
adopted. That the order be of the same size, and in 
every other respect conformable to the said design, 
which for that purpose is certified by the Baron de 
Steuben, President of this Convention, and to be 
deposited in the archives of the Society, as the original, 
from which all copies are to be made. Also, that silver 
medals, not exceeding the size of a Spanish milled 
dollar, with the emblems, as designed by Major L'En- 
fant, and certified by the President, be given to each 
and every member of the Society, together with a 
diploma, on parchment, whereon shall be impressed 
the exact figures of the order and medal as above 
mentioned ; anything in the original Institution, re- 
specting gold medals, to the contrary notwithstanding. 

RESOLUTION OF THANKS TO BREVET MAJOR l'eNFANT 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be 
transmitted by the President to Major L'Enfant, for 
his care and ingenuity in preparing the afore-mentioned 

29 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

designs, and that he be acquainted that they cheerfully 
embrace his offer of assistance, and request a continu- 
ance of his attention in carrying the designs into exe- 
cution, for which purpose the President is desired to 
correspond with him. 

GENERAL WASHINGTON CHOSEN PRESIDENT-GENERAL 

Resolved, That his Excellency the Commander-in- 
Chief be requested to officiate as President-General, 
until the first general meeting, to be held in May next. 

OTHER GENERAL OFFICERS CHOSEN 

That a Treasurer-General and a Secretary-General 
be balloted for to officiate in like manner. 

The ballots being taken, Major-General M'Dougall 
was elected Treasurer-General and Major-General 
Knox Secretary-General, who are hereby requested 
to accept said appointments. 

RESOLUTION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE 
CINCINNATI INSTITUTION AND RECORDS 

Resolved, That all the proceedings of this Convention, 
including the Institution of the Society, be recorded 
(from the original papers in his possession) by Captain 
Shaw, who at the first meeting was requested to act as 

3° 



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THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Secretary, and that the same, signed by the President's 
Secretary, together with the original papers, be given 
into the hands of Major-General Knox, Secretary- 
General to the Society; and that Captain North, aide- 
de-camp to the Baron de Steuben, and acting secretary 
to him as President, sign the said records. 

The dissolution of a very considerable part of the 
Army, since the last meeting of this Convention, having 
rendered the attendance of some of its members im- 
practicable, previous to the first meeting of the General 
Society, being so strikingly obvious, the Convention 
found itself constrained to make those before men- 
tioned, which they have done with the utmost diffidence 
of themselves, and relying entirely on the candor of 
their constituents to make allowance for the measure. 
The principal objects of its appointment being thus 
accomplished, the members of this Convention think 
fit to dissolve the same, and it is hereby dissolved ac- 
cordingly. 

Steuben, Major-General, 

President. 

S. Shaw, Capt. of Art., 

Secretary to the Convention. 

William North, A. D. C, 

and Secretary to the President. 
31 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Thus was completed the foundation of the Society 
of the Cincinnati, noble in its aims, illustrious in its 
origin, and charitable in its operations, but necessarily 
exclusive; and before the close of 1783, all of the thir- 
teen State Societies were formed, as follows: 

New Hampshire, at Exeter, N. H., November 18, 

1783- 
Massachusetts, at the Cantonment on the Hudson 

(New Windsor, N. Y.), June 9, 1783. 

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, at Sara- 
toga Barracks, on the Hudson River (Schuylerville, 
N. Y.), June 24, 1783. 

Connecticut, at West Point, N. Y., July 4, 1783. 

New York, at the Cantonment on the Hudson (New 
Windsor, N. Y.), June 9, 1783. 

New Jersey, at the Camp of the New Jersey Conti- 
nental Brigade at Elizabethtown, N. J., June 11, 1783. 

Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, Pa., October 4, 1783. 

Delaware, at Wilmington, Del., July 4, 1783. 

Maryland, at Annapolis, Md., November 21, 1783. 

Virginia, at Fredericksburg, Va., October 6, 1783. 

North Carolina, at Hillsborough, N. C, October 23, 

1783- 
South Carolina, at Charleston, S. C, August 29, 1783. 

Georgia, at Savannah, Ga., August 13, 1783. 

3^ 




/■^^.A£- a^f^^ 9t^ 



175S-1801 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

The formation of these Societies excited the hostility 
of those who envied the fame of its members; of those 
who expected impossible social equality to result from 
the Revolution; and of parties whose absence from the 
country prevented their understanding its character. 
As usual in such cases, the assailants were more active 
than the defenders. Writers and orators throughout the 
country declared that such a body, existing by heredi- 
tary right, would become a menace to the spirit of our 
government and a dangerous element in our Republic. 

The most important public attack against the Society, 
published in the United States, was made in October, 
1783, by Hon. Aedanus Burke, an eccentric Irishman, 
who was Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina. 
He broke forth in a tirade against the Society of the 
Cincinnati under the "nom de plume" of "Cassius," 
beginning his attack with the Biblical phrase, "Blow 
ye the trumpets in Zion." It was a long and passionate 
outburst, displaying largely his extensive knowledge 
of Latin authors, whom he freely quoted. The title 
of the book was "Some Considerations of the Cincin- 
nati." To this a modest reply was made by a Pennsyl- 
vania farmer, a member of the Cincinnati, under the 
nom de plume of "An Obscure Individual." Count 
de Mirabeau, the future leader of the French Revolu- 

33 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

tion, then in exile in London, having his attention 
brought, by Franklin, to Judge Burke's book, pub- 
lished, in September, 1784, a carefully prepared book 
echoing the trumpet blast of Cassius, and predicting 
the dire calamities which the Cincinnati would bring 
upon our young Republic. 

John Jay, our Minister to France, declared that if 
the Society obtained permanent foothold in America, 
he would "cease to care whether the Revolution had 
succeeded or not." 

Samuel Adams wrote, in May, 1784, "This is as 
rapid a stride towards an hereditary military nobility 
as ever was made in so short a time." 

Franklin wrote from France, January 26, 1784, "I 
wonder that when the united wisdom of our nation 
had, in the Articles of Confederation, manifested their 
dislike of establishing ranks of nobility by authority, 
either of the Congress or of any particular State, a 
number of private persons should think proper to dis- 
tinguish themselves and their posterity from their 
fellow citizens and form an Order of hereditary Knights, 
in direct opposition to the solemnly declared sense of 
their country." 

John Adams wrote, April 25, 1785, "What is to 
be done with the Cincinnati ? Is that order of chivalry, 

34 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

that inroad upon our first principle, equality, to be 
connived at ? It is the deepest piece of cunning yet 
attempted." 

The contest was bitter, but its humorous side was 
seen by Knox and Steuben, who wrote to each other as 
follows. 

Steuben, under date of November ii, 1783, says to 
Knox: 

"A 9a Monsieur la Cincinnatus! your pernicious designs 
are then unveiled, — you wish to introduce your dukes and 
peers into our republic. No, my Lord, No, your Grace, that 
will not do: there is a Cassius more far-sighted than this 
German baron, of whom you have made a cat's-paw to draw 
the chestnuts out of the fire. Cassius knows only a part of the 
secret. He makes me author and grandmaster, thus whipping 
you over my shoulders. But, Hsten! I will prove to Cassius 
that this dangerous plan had its birth in the brains of two 
Yankees: i. e. Knox and Huntington: therefore 'Blow ye 
the trumpets of Zion.' " 

Knox replied from Boston, February 21, 1784: 

"Your Society, M. Baron, has occasioned a great deal of 
jealousy among the good people of New England, who say 
it is altogether an outlandish creation, formed by foreign 
influence. It is still heightened by a letter from one of our 
ministers abroad, who intimates that it was formed in Europe 
to overthrow our happy institutions. . . . You see how 
much you have to answer for by the introduction of your 
European institutions. I contend to the utmost of my power 

35 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

that you only had your share in the matter and no more, but 
it will have no effect. Burke's allusion has fixed it, and you 
must support the credit of having created a race of hereditary 
nobility. . . . You must have observed, my dear friend, how 
possible it is for the best intentions to be misconstrued and 
misinterpreted." 

The first General Meeting of the Society occurred at 
Philadelphia, May 4 to 18, 1784. All the State Socie- 
ties were represented, Washington presided, and, upon 
his urgent recommendation, important changes in the 
Institution were made. 

Washington was deeply moved by the dissatisfaction, 
distrust, and misunderstanding of the objects of the 
Society, particularly by the general alarm throughout 
the country at the establishment of an hereditary order. 
In deference to public sentiment, he recommended 
radical changes in the Institution of the Society, though 
many of his closest friends were opposed to any con- 
cession to the popular outcry. 

Convinced of the necessity for immediate and essen- 
tial alterations, he intimated his purpose of resigning 
from the Society unless they were adopted, and accord- 
ingly, at that meeting, an Amended Institution was 
adopted, in which anything having a political tendency 
was stricken out, the hereditary feature was discon- 
tinued, subscription by donations from persons not 

36 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

citizens of the United States was prohibited, and sev- 
eral other features, demanded by General Washington, 
were adopted, and, although this was the only meeting 
of the Society he ever attended, he continued at the 
head of the Society until his decease. The timely con- 
cessions made to popular prejudice stilled all clamor 
against the Society, antagonism to it soon ceased, and 
some of its bitterest opponents, coming to understand 
its aims, accepted honorary membership in it, among 
them being Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. 

And yet no change in the Institution was really made, 
for the delegates to the General Society had no power 
to bind their respective State Societies, and, when the 
amendments were reported to the several State Societies, 
some took no definite action and others refused to ratify 
them. Finally, as it became evident that it was impossi- 
ble to obtain unanimous consent to the organic changes 
which would mark so wide a departure from the origi- 
nal principles of the Society, the General Society, at its 
meeting in Philadelphia, May 7, 1800, by unanimous 
vote, declared "That the Institution of the Society 
remains as it was originally proposed and adopted by 
the officers of the American Army at their cantonments 
on the banks of the Hudson River in 1783." After the 
subsidence of the prejudices before mentioned, the 

37 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Society attracted little of public attention. Devoting 
itself, among its members, to the cultivation of the social 
affections, to the relief of the indigent and the com- 
memoration of the illustrious dead, it had little in com- 
mon with the spirit of business that surrounded it. 
Furthermore, the limited means of travel of those days 
prevented large attendance at the meetings of the So- 
cieties, and the emigration of many members to the 
public lands to the westward soon dispersed the mem- 
bership of the State Societies, especially of those not 
having a conveniently located city in which to assemble; 
consequently interest in the Society declined and, after 
1835, the only State Societies that continued to meet 
were those in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and South Carolina. 

For nearly two thirds of a century the Triennial 
Meetings of the General Society had been sparsely 
attended, it held no meetings after 18 12 until 1825, its 
meetings were at irregular periods, and the membership 
of these six State Societies was much reduced in num- 
bers; but, on the approach of the centennial commemo- 
rations of the events leading to the Revolution, interest 
was aroused in the State Societies, the General Society 
commenced its Triennial Meetings again in 1848, and 
so great was the interest aroused in the perpetuation of 

38 




1763-1835 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

the Society that special meetings of the General Society 
were held in 1855 and 1856; and in 1854, at a meeting 
of the General Society in Bahimore, where the six State 
Societies that had continued regular meetings were 
represented, it was 

"Resolved, that each State Society shall have the full 
right and power to regulate the admission of members, 
both as to the qualifications of members and the terms 
of admission; provided, that admission be confined to 
the male descendants of original, ^ ^ 
or of those who are now members ^, '^/!3<7'y2^^~ 
(including collateral branches as "**^ 
contemplated by the original constitution); or to the 
male descendants of such officers of the Army or Navy 
as may have been entitled to admission, but who failed 
to avail themselves thereof within the time limited by 
the constitution; or to the male descendants of such 
officers of the army or navy of the Revolution as may 
have resigned with honor or left the service with repu- 
tation, or to the male collateral relatives of any officer 
who died in the service without leaving issue." 

Thenceforward the Society entered upon a career of 
renewed activity. In i860 the matter of a restoration 
of the dormant State Societies was considered by the 
General Society, but the disturbed state of the country, 

39 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

caused by the civil war of i86 1-65, rendered it imprac- 
ticable to prosecute the scheme until more favorable 
circumstances in our national history permitted of a 
reasonable prospect of success. In 1872, in consequence 
of inquiries from descendants of Revolutionary officers 
residing in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the subject 
of revival of the dormant Societies was again considered 
by the General Society, resulting in the adoption of 
a report, pointing out a mode of procedure, made by 
Admiral H. K. Thatcher, chairman of a committee 
appointed to consider the matter. The Rhode Island 
Society was a small one, nearly all of its original mem- 
bers remained in their State after the Revolution, and 
many of them lived to an advanced age. Its meetings 
were well attended, and as late as July 4, 183 1, there 
were thirty members present at the annual meeting. 
The meeting of July 4, 1832, was attended by only nine 
members, one of them being an honorary member. 
Although there was no quorum present at this meeting, 
they voted to dissolve the Society and distribute their 
funds; but this action was illegal, and it does not appear 
that it was carried out, although some of the funds dis- 
appeared. They held annual meetings on July 4, in 
each succeeding year, inclusive of 1835, with decreasing 
attendance, only five being present at this last meeting. 

40 




1748-1804 



Ct^c^i-O^ 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

As no quorum was present at any of these meetings, no 
business was transacted beyond a resolve to meet in the 
following year; but forty-two years elapsed before the 
next meeting occurred, when, in 1877, through the sur- 
vival of the venerable John Wanton Lyman, an hered- 
itary member, and the conjoint action of qualified 
descendants of other original members, a revived and 
temporary organization of the Society of the Cincinnati 
in Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was formed 
December 12, 1877, by twelve descendants of original 
members; and from the Legislature of Rhode Island 
there was procured on March 26, 1878, by nine of them, 
an Act recognizing the act of incorporation of the So- 
ciety December 28, 18 14, amended so as to make them, 
and one other with them, the successors of the original 
incorporators, and empowering them to hold for the 
benefit of the Rhode Island Society the fund remaining 
and belonging to it. A delegation from this Society 
presented its credentials to the General Society at its 
meeting in Philadelphia, Pa., on May 22, 1878, and 
this revived and reorganized Society was fully received 
by the General Society at its meeting in Charleston, 
S. C, April 13, 1881. 

The Virginia Society, numbering about 300 original 
members, was a large one. Its meetings were few, at 

41 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

irregular periods, slimly attended, and almost entirely 
of a charitable character. It never had any members in 
hereditary succession. At its meeting on December i6, 
1807, it resolved upon a qualified dissolution and a 
presentation of the funds to the Washington Academy 
near the town oi Lexington, in the County of Rock- 
bridge, Va. Its last recorded meeting at which there 
was a quorum present was held at Richmond, by a bare 
quorum, on June 17, 1822, and on October 13, 1824, 
its Standing Committee duly transferred the Society's 
Permanent Fund, as previously directed, to Wash- 
ington College, now known as Washington and Lee 
University. 'Fhis fund now amounts to over 525,000, 
and endows a chair known as the "Cincinnati Profes- 
sorship of Mathematics," and an oration, designated 
as the "Cincinnati Oration," is annually delivered 
there at Commencement by the graduate attaining the 
highest general scholarship. A provisional organiza- 
tion in revival of the Society of the Cincinnati in the 
State of Virginia was formed at a meeting of heredita- 
rily eligibles at the Westmoreland Club in Richmond, 
Va., on July 26, iSSg, which was fully received by 
the General Society at its meeting in Philadelphia, May 
13, 1896. 
The Connecticut Society, at its anniversarj- meeting 

4^ 




^^^m 



tA, cjLrin-t 



nss-fgio 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

on July 4, 1804, formally dissolved and directed a dis- 
tribution of its funds, with a proviso that all monies 
not disposed of by May 10, 1805, should be placed with 
the Treasury of Yale College in trust for their mem- 
bers or their legal representatives. The records of the 
Society were placed in the hands of a member, but they 
subsequently came into the possession of the Con- 
necticut Historical Society at Hartford. On the original 
roll of the Connecticut Society, which was among these 
records, there were the signatures of 248 original mem- 
bers, and 1 1 of hereditary members who had been ad- 
mitted in the rights of officers who had fallen in battle 
or died in the service. The Society had also 7 honorary 
members. A provisional organization in revival of this 
Society was formed at Hartford, Conn., July 4, 1890, 
which was recognized by the General Society at its 
meeting in Boston, June 14, 1893. It was incorporated 
by the legislature of Connecticut, April 11, 1895, and 
fully received by the General Society at its meeting in 
Philadelphia, May 13, 1896. 

The New Hampshire Society held its regular meetings 
in eight different towns in the State, its last meeting 
being held at Portsmouth on July 4, 1825. It distributed 
its funds, and the last of its original members, Captain 
Daniel Gookin, died about 1830. In 1842 his son, 

43 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

John W. Gookin, presented the records of the Society 
to the New Hampshire Historical Society at Concord, 
N. H. There appear from their records to have been 
29 original, 5 hereditary, and i honorary member in 
the Society. A temporary organization in revival of 
this Society, formed July 4, 1896, was recognized by 
the General Society at its meeting in New York City, 
May 1 1, 1899, and it was fully received by the General 
Society at its meeting in Hartford, Conn., June 17, 
1902. This Society has erected at Exeter, N. H., a Me- 
morial Hall, in which, among other relics, are collected 
paintings of Washington by Peale and Andrew Jackson 
by John Trumbull. 

The Delaware Society's last meeting was held at 
Wilmington on February 22, 1800, when it formally 
dissolved and distributed its funds. A list of its mem- 
bers, returned to the General Society in 1788, shows 27 
original members, but fuller investigation shows that 
there were 36 original and 2 hereditary members. A 
provisional organization in revival of this Society was 
formed at Wilmington, Del., February 22, 1895, and 
an act of incorporation was obtained from the legisla- 
ture of Delaware on March 20 of the same year. This 
organization sent delegates to the meeting of the Gen- 
eral Society at Philadelphia, INIay 13, 1896, who were 

44 




ns6r-i^^l< 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

accorded the privileges of the floor without the right to 
vote or take part in the proceedings; it was recognized 
at the meeting of the General Society in New York 
City, May 1 1, 1899, and fully received by the General 
Society at its meeting in Hartford, Conn., June 17, 
1902. 

In approaching a sketch of the North Carolina 
Society, a brief reference to two events in North Caro- 
lina history, exhibiting the patriotism of many of those 
whose descendants are now found in that State Society 
of the Cincinnati, will be of interest to North Carolina 
readers. 

Although the grievances of the American Colonies 
prior to the American Revolution had been great, re- 
sistance to the authority of Great Britain, assuming 
the form of war, was not begun until 1775, nor was this 
with any view to severing connection with the mother 
country. A redress of grievances as British subjects 
was all that was contemplated by the authorities. The 
Scotch-Irish people of the County of Mecklenburg, 
N. C, were, however, an exception to this general 
sentiment of loyalty. The leading spirits in that county 
were ripe for revolution; they were opposed to mon- 
archy, had very little attachment to the mother country, 
and were ready to throw it ofi^ at any favorable opportu- 

45 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

nity. They were a highly educated, God-fearing people. 
They had carefully observed the progress of the con- 
troversy with Great Britain and, during the winter of 
1774-75, political meetings had frequently been held 
at Charlotte, the county seat. That town had been 
chosen for the location of the Presbyterian College, 
which the Legislature of North Carolina had chartered, 
but which the King had disallowed, and it was the 
centre of culture in that part of the colony. 

Early in May, 1775, news was received that the Par- 
liament of Great Britain had declared the colonies in a 
state of rebellion. To the good people of Mecklenburg 
a crisis in American affairs had arrived, 
"^'^ and they proposed to declare inde- 
pendence of royal authority. At the instance of Colonel 
Thomas Polk of the militia, two delegates from each 
company were called together at Charlotte May 19, 
1775, as a representative committee. Before their con- 
sultations were completed, news of the shedding of in- 
nocent blood at Lexington, on April 19, arrived, and, 
filled with patriotic zeal, they resolved to throw off the 
British connection, thus taking a much bolder stand 
than either the Colonial or Continental Congress had 
yet attempted. The first four resolutions of the Decla- 
ration of Independence by the citizens of Mecklenburg 

46 





K^^^a^^A^Mf^i^ 



r/^x-fr^^V' 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

County, N. C, prepared by this committee May 20, 
1775, are as follows: 

" I. Resolved, That whosoever directly or indirectly 
abetted, or in any way, form or manner, countenanced 
the dangerous invasion of our rights as claimed by 
Great Britain, is an enemy of this country — to Amer- 
ica — and to the inherent and inalienable rights of man. 

" 2. Resolved, That we, the citizens of Mecklenburg 
County, do hereby dissolve the political bands which 
have connected us with /^^ / ^y-> 
the Mother Country (j)mZ^i^^^^^^^'^^K. 

and hereby absolve / --^ — ^ 

ourselves from all allegiance to the British Crown, and 
abjure all political connection, contract or association 
with that Nation, who have wantonly trampled on our 
rights and liberties and inhumanly shed the innocent 
blood of the American patriots at Lexington. 

"3. Resolved, That we do hereby declare ourselves 
a free and independent people; are, and of right ought 
to be, a sovereign and self-governing association, under 
the control of no power other than that of our God and 
the General Government of the Congress; to the main- 
tenance of which independence we solemnly pledge to 
each other our mutual co-operation, our lives, our for- 
tunes, and our most sacred honor. 

47 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

" 4. Resolved, That as we now acknowledge the 
existence and control of no law or legal officer, civil or 
^O^ /;7 G) military, within this county, we 
/ do hereby ordain and adopt, as 

a rule of life, each and every one of our former laws 
— wherein, nevertheless, the crown of Great Britain 
never can be considered as holding rights, privileges, 
immunities or authority therein." 

This act is one of the boasted recollections of North 
Carolina ever to be cherished and never to be forgotten. 

The spirit of liberty was abroad throughout all of 
the colonies. In North Carolina the Royal Governor, 
Josiah Martin, armed with despotic powers, was soon 
thereafter driven to take refuge upon the Cruiser, a 
ship of war at anchor in the Cape Fear River, where 
he fulminated his proclamation of August 8, 1775, de- 
nouncing the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independ- 
ence as well as the Provincial Congress which had 
been formed, for the Royal Governor had abandoned 
his reins of power, and #< o^ 

North Carolina, being ^J/ ^(/^^^'^'^^''^t^^ 
thus without a government, except that of its own 
choice, had chosen delegates to a congress which met at 
Hillsboro on August 2 1, 1775. The people of North 
Carolina had determined to be free in every respect. 

48 



■ 


^S^H 


■ 


^Hi 


4^1 


1 






j 



C-^ /lot.4t-JJ^^^i 




- J»30 




THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

A Provincial Government was formed and a Provincial 
Congress met at Halifax April 4, 1776. (The fourth 
meeting of the people in a representative capacity op- 
posed to a Royal Government in North Carolina.) 
This Congress di- 
vided the Colony 
into military dis- 
tricts, organized 
troops for defence, and on motion of Cornelius Harnett 
of Wilmington, on April 12, 1776, it passed the follow- 
ing resolution: 

" Resolved, That the delegates from this colony in the 
Continental Congress be empowered to concur with 
the delegates from the other colonies, in declaring in- 
dependence and forming foreign alliances; reserving 
to this colony the sole and exclusive right of forming 
a constitution and laws for this colony." 

This act displayed the spirit of North Carolina, and 
shows that, more than two months before the event 
was declared by the Continental Congress, she was 
ready as a State to dissolve the bonds that bound her 
to the Mother Country. 

The descendants of many of the actors in this drama, 
now members of the North Carolina Society of the 
Cincinnati, point with just pride to these two events. 

49 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

On October 23, 1783, at Hillsborough, N. C, the 
North CaroHna Society of the Cincinnati was organized 
with Brigadier-General Jethro Sumner as President, 
Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas Clark, Vice-Presi- 
dent, and Chaplain Adam Bojd, Secretary, and hon- 
orary membership was conferred upon the following 
persons: 

Hon. William Blount, 

Hon. William Richardson Davie, 

Governor Alexander Martin, 

Colonel Isaac Shelby, 

Hon. Richard Caswell, 

Colonel Benjamin Hawkins, 

Governor John Se\ ier, 

Hon. Richard Dobbs Spaight. 

Of the six hundred odd officers who served in the 

North Carohna Continental Line for various periods 

during the Revolution, about one fifth were, under the 

>, ^_^ requirements of the Institution 

^ ?l f /yd.</fCz^7^-'~\ '^'^ ^^^^ Cincinnati, eligible to 

membership. Of these there is 
reason to believe that about one hundred availed them- 
selves of the privilege in the autumn of 1783. The 
names of sixt^-four are known, and there \\ere also 
at least two hereditar}- members, John Ingram, son of 

50 




EENJAMLN CA i 1 ELL 
.1749-1782 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Lieutenant-Colonel James Ingram, who died in service, 
and James Porterfield, brother of Captain Denny 
Porterfield, who was killed in battle at Eutaw Springs, 
September 8, 178 1. 

Major-General Robert Howe, of Brunswick County, 
N. C, was one of the generals present at the first meeting 
at the Cantonment of the Continental Army at Wind- 
sor, near Newburgh, N. Y., on May 10, 1783, for the 
purpose of founding the Society, and his signature 
appears among the first appended to the Institution. 

The North Carolina Society was almost the last one 
to organize, and it had but a brief existence. Diligent 
effort has been made to discover the disposition of its 
records and funds, but without avail or encouragement 
to hope for success. The following letters from Gen- 
eral Jethro Sumner, President, and Chaplain Adam 
Boyd, Secretary of the Society, are in the archives of the 
General Society, and are the earliest evidence of the ex- 
istence of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati. 

Halifax, N. C, 28th October, 1783. 

Sir: — At the request of the officers of -the Line of this 
State, I do myself the honor to return you their thanks 
and my own for your favour, covering a letter from his 
Excellency the Chevalier de la Luzerne, and other pa- 

51 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

pers. The officers being highly pleased with the Insti- 
tution, will most cheerfully concur in any measures that 
shall be adopted for promoting its benevolent designs. 
Not to support such an Institution betrays, in their 
opinion, a want of public virtue. 

It appears to be the sentiment of the Societies to the 
southward that the first general meeting should be 
held at Fredericksburg, in Virginia. That place, it is 
tho't, is nearly centrical, and most convenient for the 
President-General. The compUance of the Northern 
Societies, in this, will give us very great pleasure. 

I shall always be extremely glad to hear from and to 
correspond with you, and have the honour to be, with 
great respect. 



J^/fh/rv^^^U/Tf^efxC^^ 



Brig. Gen'l and President. 

Hon. Major-General Baron de Steuben. 

Wilmington, Cape Fear, 29th Dec'r, 1783. 

Sir: — In October a few officers of this State met at 
Hillsborough and laid the foundation of a Society on the 
plan of the Cincinnati. Among other things they re- 
solved that the President should acquaint the Secretary- 
General with their desire that the first general meeting 
should be held at Fredericksburg, in Virginia. That 

5^ 




n(oi-iiij 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

place is tho't to be nearly centrical, and more conven- 
ient than any other for the President-General. This 
last was most decisive with them. 

The President having been obliged to go home before 
any letters could have been written, I was desired to 
write to you on the subject. This I did upon the spot, 
and I gave the letter to a gentleman coming directly 
here. Since my return to this place I find that the letter 
was lost and, not knowing that General Sumner has 
had an opportunity of conveying one to you, I again 
address you, lest the wishes of the N. Carolina Society 
should not reach you in proper time, and I should incur 
their censure, this very undeservedly. 

A pamphlet, said to be the production of Judge Burke, 
in So. Carolina, has created opponents to the Cincin- 
nati. It has been in the town, but I have not yet got a 
sight of it. His objections, I am told, are founded upon 
a surmise that the Cincinnati mean to establish a nu- 
merous peerage in direct contradiction to the federal 
union of the States. This he has tortured out of the 
"hereditary succession." The whole appears to me 
altogether chimerical, but there are swarms of Butter- 
fly statesmen and patriots, who flutter and strutt in the 
sunshine of safety and peace. These things affect to be 
lynx-eyed and, however groundless their cries may be 

53 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

yet, being generally of a popular tone, they are received 
as "proofs of holy writ." 

Terrible things have been threatened against us, and 
I do expect our Assembly, in their April sessions, will 
be moved to suppress the Society. At that time we have 
a meeting, and if you can furnish anything to strengthen 
our hands, you will render us a very acceptable service. 

As our President lives nearly 200 miles from a sea- 
port, town or post-office, letters for him had better be 
sent here. I am about to change my place of residence, 
but, if I do leave this, our Vice-President (General 
Clark) and several officers will be here and take care of 
such letters. 

I have the honour to be, with much respect. 

Your very humble and most obedient servant, 

Sec'y. 
P. S. I would most gladly correspond with the Sec- 
retary of your State Society. If you will please tell 
him so, you will do me a favour. My address is Rev'd 
A. B., Wilmington, Cape Fear. This is the South part 
of No. Carolina and vessels from Boston often come 
here. If I remove, my address will not be changed. 

Honourable General Knox. 

54 




/<^e^&'i^.—/7Vc^y~tt't^^:^ 



1766-1821 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

At the special meeting held at Hillsborough, N. C, 
April i8, 1784, Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald Lytle, 
Major Reading Blount, and Major Griffith John McRee 










^a^^^sr 





tim?u^^^ 



were elected delegates to the meeting of the General 
Society which occurred in Philadelphia in May of 
that year. Subsequent meetings are known to have 
been held at Fayetteville, N. C, on July 5, 1784 (at 
which the Amended Institution was "highly ap- 
proved"), and July 4, 1785, and at Halifax, N. C, on 
July 4, 1786, and it is possible that there was a special 

55 




^ 




HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

meeting held in March, 1785, at which Lieutenant- 
Colonel John Baptista Ashe was chosen to fill the va- 
cancy in the presidency 
caused by the decease 
of General Jethro Sum- 
ner, and that there were other meetings, for in 1787 
Brevet Major Howell Tatum was elected Secretary to 
succeed Rev. Adam Boyd, and that Major Robert 
Fenner was then // a ^^ a / 

elected Treasurer. 4y^^< 
The latter was 
the sole repre- 
sentative of the State Society at the meeting of the 
General Society in Philadelphia in May, 1787, the other 
two delegates, Colonel William Polk' and Major Read- 
ing Blount, failing to attend. 

At the next triennial meeting of the General Society 
at Philadelphia, in May, 1790, the North Carolina So- 
ciety was represented by Colonel Benjamin Hawkins 

' Colonel William Polk, who died January 14, 1834, was the last sur- 
vivor of the officers of the North Carolina Continental Line. Lieutenant 
Samuel Ashe, Jr., of the North Carolina Dragoons, being State troops in 
Continental service, was the last surviving original member of the North 
Carolina Society of the Cincinnati. He died in 1835. The last surviving 
member of the Society of the Cincinnati was Lieutenant Robert Burnett, 
Jr., of the New York State Society, who died November 29, 1854, at 
Ncwburgh, N. Y., near the birthplace of the Society of the Cincinnati. 

56 





I741-I797 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

alone. After this last date, no delegates from North 
Carolina were ever present at the meetings of the Gen- 
eral Society, until after the revival of the Society, nor, 
as far as known, were there any meetings of the State 
Society. It is believed, however, that there was a 
meeting of the Society on July 4, 179 1, after which the 
Society informally dissolved. 

It is probable, owing to their scattered residence and 
the difficulty of meeting, many of the members having 
taken up lands to the westward across the mountains 
in Tennessee and Georgia, as well as the hostility 
referred to, that whatever of funds remained were 
distributed and the Society informally dissolved. It 
remained in a dormant condition until April 4, 1896, 
when, in the State Library Record at Raleigh, N. C, 
ten primogenitive descendants of original members, in 
the male line, whose names are as follows : 
John Gray Blount, Great-grandson of Deputy Paymas- 
ter-General Jacob Blount, 
John Myers Blount, Grandson of Major Reading 

Blount, 
John Collins Daves, Great-grandson of Captain John 

Daves, 
Richard Bradley Hill, Great-grandson of Lieutenant 
John Hill, 

57 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Wilson Gray Lamb, Great-grandnephew of Lieutenant 

Abner Lamb, 
James Iredell McRee, Great-grandson of Major Grif- 
fith John McRee, 
William Law Murfree, Great-grandson of Lieutenant- 
Colonel Hardy Murfree, 
William Polk, Grandson of Major William Polk, 
William Johnson Saunders, Grandson of Lieutenant 

William Saunders, 
Lee Haywood Yarborough, Great-grandson of Captain 

Edward Yarborough, — 
formed a Provisional Organization and sent delegates 
to the Triennial Meeting of the General Society in Phil- 
adelphia, May 13, 1896, where they were accorded the 
^ /^ /T privileges of the floor 

(/n^^-iA^ l/j-CcZ^ without the right to 

• s— ,« ^ vote or take part in 

the proceedings. The Society was incorporated by an 
Act of the General Assembly of North Carolina, dated 
the i6th day of February, 1899, and this organization 
was duly recognized by the General Society at its meet- 
ing in New York City, May 1 1, 1899, and fully received 
by the General Society at its meeting in Hartford, 
Conn., June 17, 1902. 
The Georgia Society was short-lived and small in 

58 




CHARLES POLK 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

numbers. As no trace of its records can be found, what 
little is known of its meetings is discovered only in con- 
temporary newspaper accounts and a few letters. From 
these can be constructed a fairly complete list of officers 
and members to the beginning of the last century. The 
last meeting of which anything is known, was held 
March 2, 1822, when officers for the ensuing year were 
elected. The Society was represented at the Triennial 
Meetings of the General Society in 1784, 1787, and 
1790. In 1824 its permanent fund found its way to the 
Treasury of the United States, where it remained until 
185 1, when, in due form, it was absorbed by the Gen- 
eral Society. 

This Society was revived at Savannah, Ga., March 4, 
1899, by a provisional organization, which was recog- 
nized by the General Society at its meeting in Hartford, 
Conn., June 17, 1902, and its delegates were accorded 
the privileges of the floor without any right to partici- 
pate in the proceedings. By authority of the General 
Society, given at this time, it was fully received as a 
member of the Institution, by the Standing Executive 
Committee of the General Society, on October 18, 1902. 
This action and the return of the original fund of the 
Society by an assessment upon the funds of the other 
Societies, amounting to $1,692.09, in September, 1903, 

59 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

was ratified and approved by the General Society at its 
meeting in Richmond, Va., May lo, 1905. This So- 
ciety was incorporated by an Act of the Legislature 
of Georgia, May 30, 1904. 

The Order of the Cincinnati is now full of life and 
activity. The number of living members as reported 
to the Triennial Meeting in Richmond, Va., in May, 
1905, was eight hundred and forty-eight. (The original 
number, not including the branch Society in France, 
was nineteen hundred odd.) The limited number of 
its honorary members, at that date, included President 
Roosevelt, ex-President Cleveland, Admiral Dewey, 
Lieutenant-General Miles, Lieutenant-General Scho- 
field, and President Loubet of France. The late Pre- 
sident McKinley and ex-President Harrison were 
honorary members. President Monroe was an original 
member, and President Pierce an hereditary member. 

Membership in the Society, at its foundation, was 
extended to all the French officers who had served in 
the cooperating army under Count d'Estaing or in the 
auxiliary army under Count de Rochambeau and had 
held or received the grade of Colonel or higher for such 
services, or had commanded a French fleet or ship of 
war on the American coast. This honor was received 
in France with high enthusiasm, and through the in- 

60 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

strumentality of Lieutenant-Generals Count d'Estaing 
and de Rochambeau and Marquis de Lafayette, the 
King of France, Louis XVI, authorized his officers to 
join the Association of the Cincinnati, and he took such 
a Hvely interest in it that, notwithstanding the National 
Constitutional Assembly of France, in June, 1790, under- 
took to abolish the Royal and Military Order of Saint 
Louis, he continued almost to the day of his arrest, in 
1792, to scrutinize and approve applications for mem- 
bership in the Society of the Cincinnati. 

Major L'Enfant of the Corps of Engineers in the ser- 
vice of the United States, being in his native country 
on his own private affairs, and at the same time trans- 
acting some business relative to the Order of the Cin- 
cinnati, in writing, December 25, 1783, to Major-Gen- 
eral Baron de Steuben, in this country, says as fol- 
lows ; 

"It is with the greatest satisfaction that I acquaint you 
with the success of the Cincinnati in France. The difficulties 
have been removed that could have been opposed to the 
admission of the Order in France, where they are accustomed 
to tolerate no foreign Order. His Majesty, desirous of giving 
to the Americans a proof of the friendship which he wishes 
to maintain with them, has permitted his officers to wear this 
badge with the other Orders of his Kingdom. . . . Here in 
France they are more ambitious to obtain the Order of the 
Cincinnati than to be decorated with the Cross of St. Louis." 

61 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Major-General Duportail, writing from Paris De- 
cember 24, 1783, to Brigadier-General Marquis de la 
Rouerie, then in Philadelphia, says: 

" I assure you that it (The Order of the Cincinnati) has 
made more noise here than it does in America." 

On March 10, 1784, the French members of the So- 
ciety of the Cincinnati, then in Paris and vicinity, met, 
pursuant to a previous adjournment, at the hotel of the 
Count de Rochambeau and elected Count d'Estaing 
as President and Count de Segur as Secretary pro tem- 
pore, and postponed completion of a permanent organi- 
zation until the coming 4th of July, at which date 
they met in Paris under the chairmanship of Vice- 
Admiral and Lieutenant-General Count d'Estaing at 
his hotel in Rue Saint Anne and elected officers and a 
Standing Committee, thus completing the organization 
of the Society of the Cincinnati in France, which num- 
bered two hundred and eighty members. 

A large number of the members of the Society in 
France rose to the highest honors and added to the 
renown of the Society. 

Early in 1784 the officers of t'he French Navy who 
were members of the Cincinnati gave emphasis to their 
estimation of the honor by uniting in a subscription for 
the fabrication of a decoration of the Society, elabo- 

62 




THE JEWEJ.LKD DECORATION 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

rately set in diamonds, rubies, and emeralds, for presen- 
tation to the President-General of the Society, General 
Washington, which was received in time to be worn by 
him at the first General Meeting of the Society in Phila- 
delphia, in May, 1784, and has continued to be worn 
by each succeeding President-General. 

The overthrow of the French Monarchy and the 
inauguration of the Reign of Terror dispersed the 
French members of the Cincinnati and put an end to 
their further meetings. 

After the Restoration of 18 14, the same apathy re- 
garding the perpetuation of the Society was shown 
by the aged members of the Society in France as among 
their equally aged brethren in America. It was not 
until 1887 that certain French gentlemen, holding mem- 
bership in State Societies in America, derived from 
original members of the Society in France, together 
with others in France who were entitled to hereditary 
membership, met in Paris and took measures to revive 
the Society, and whenever they shall have permanently 
organized with a membership sufficient for the purpose, 
according to the Principles of the Institution and the 
Spirit of the French Government, that Society will 
be authorized to resume its place in the Society of the 
Cincinnati. 

63 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

The early meetings of the Cincinnati were conducted 
with much dignity, the members usually wearing their 
uniforms and, after meetings, marching to some church 
or public hall to listen to an appropriate address. 

An account is preserved of an elaborate ceremony at 
Fraunces Tavern, in New York, on the occasion of the 
investiture of new members. Major-General Baron de 
Steuben presided and Major-General Hamilton was the 
orator. The entry of the candidates was announced by a 
herald and trumpet blasts as they approached the Presi- 
dent, and each, with the standard of the Cincinnati in 
his left hand and his right hand on the Bible, took the 
oath of fidelity, upon which he received his Cincinnati 
Decoration, after which ceremony they sat down to a 
banquet. 

The annual meetings of the State Societies and the 
Triennial Meetings of the General Society are now 
always supplemented by a banquet, at which thirteen 
appropriate toasts, including one to the memory of 
Washington, first President-General, are given, followed 
by appropriate responses. The toast to General Wash- 
ington is drank standing and in silence. 



4wUf' (^^JCl/irU, 



64 




FLAG OF THE SOCIF.TY OF THE CINCINNATI 



OFFICERS OF THE GENERAL SOCIETY 
OF THE CINCINNATI FROM ITS 
INSTITUTION IN 1783 

PRESIDENTS-GENERAL 

1783 George Washington, of Virginia. 
1800 Alexander Hamilton, of New York. 

1805 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Car- 
olina. 
1825 Thomas Pinckney, of South CaroUna. 
1829 Aaron Ogden, of New Jersey. 
1839 Morgan Lewis, of New York. 
1844 William Popham, of New York. 
1848 H. A. Scannell Dearborn, of Massachusetts. 
1854 Hamilton Fish, of New York. 
1896 William Wayne, of Pennsylvania. 
1902 Winslow Warren, of Massachusetts. 

vice-presidents-general 

1784 Horatio Gates, of Virginia. 

1787 Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania. 
1799 Alexander Hamilton, of New York. 

65 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

1800 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Car- 
olina. 
1805 Henry Knox, of Massachusetts. 
18 1 1 John Brooks, of Massachusetts. 
1825 Aaron Ogden, of New Jersey. 
1829 Morgan Lewis, of New York. 
1839 William Shute, of New Jersey. 
1844 Horace Binney, of Pennsylvania. 
1848 Hamilton Fish, of New York. 
1854 Charles Stewart Davies, of Massachusetts. 
1866 James Warren Sever, of South Carolina. 
1872 James Simons, of South Carolina. 
188 1 William Armstrong Irvine, of Pennsylvania. 
1887 Robert Milligan McLane, of Maryland. 
1896 Winslow Warren, of Massachusetts. 
1902 James Simons, 2D, of South Carolina. 

secretaries-general 

1783 Henry Knox, of Massachusetts. 

1799 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 

1829 Alexander W. Johnston, of Pennsylvania. 

1857 Thomas McEuen, of Pennsylvania. 

1875 George Washington Harris, of Pennsylvania. 

1884 Asa Bird Gardiner, of Rhode Island. 



66 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

ASSISTANT SECRETARIES-GENERAL 

1784 Otho Holland Williams, of Maryland. 
1787 George Turner, of South Carolina. 
1790 William MacPherson, of Pennsylvania. 
1799 Nathan Dorsey, of Pennsylvania. 
1802 William Dent Beall, of Maryland. 
1825 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
1829 Thomas McEuen, of Pennsylvania. 
1857 George Washington Harris, of Pennsylvania. 
1875 Richard Irvine Manning, of South Carolina. 
1890 Thomas Pinckney Lowndes, of South Caro- 
lina. 
1896 Nicholas Fish, of New York. 
1905 John Cropper, of Virginia. 

treasurers-general 

1783 Alexander McDougall, of New York. 
1796 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 
1799 William MacPherson, of Pennsylvania. 
1825 Allan McLane, of Pennsylvania. 
1832 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 
1838 Joseph Warren Scott, of New Jersey. 
1872 Tench Tilghman, of Maryland. 
1875 Alexander Hamilton, Jr., of New York. 

67 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

1881 John Schuyler, of New York. 
1896 Richard Meredith McSherry, of Maryland. 
1899 Frederick Wolcott Jackson, of New Jersey. 
1906 Francis Marinus Caldwell, of Pennsylvania. 

ASSISTANT treasurers-general 

1825 Alexander W. Johnston, of Pennsylvania. 

1829 John Markland, of Pennsylvania. 

1832 Joseph Warren Scott, of New Jersey. 

1838 William Jackson, of Pennsylvania. 

185 1 John Henry Markland, of Pennsylvania. 

1863 John McDowell, of New Jersey. 

1872 William Berrien Dayton, of New Jersey. 

188 1 Herman Burgin, of New Jersey. 

1893 Henry Thayer Drowne, of Rhode Island. 

1899 M^- John Cropper, of Virginia. 

1906 Mr. Charles Isham, of New York. 

chaplains 

1887 Right Reverend William Stevens Perry, 
S. T. D., LL. D., D. C. L., of Iowa.' 

1887 Reverend Samuel Moore Shute, D. D., of 
New Jersey. = 

• Died in Dubuque, Iowa, May 13, 1898. 
■ Died in Charleston, S. C, August 12, 1898. 

68 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

1887 Reverend Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 

S. T. D., of South Carolina.' 
1899 Reverend Frank Landon Humphreys, S.T.D., 

of New Jersey. 
1902 Reverend Mancius Holmes Hutton, D. D., of 

New Jersey. 
1902 Reverend Henry Barton Chapin, D. D., 

Ph. D., of New York. 
1906 Right Reverend Joseph Blount Cheshire, 

D. D., of North Carolina. 

' Died in Kerfoot, Fauquier Co., Va., April 15, 1902. 



69 



OFFICERS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA SO- 
CIETY OF THE CINCINNATI FROM ITS 
ORGANIZATION AT HILLSBOROUGH, N. C, 
OCTOBER 23, 1783 

presidents 

1783 Brigadier-General Jethro Sumner. 

1785 Lieutenant-Colonel John Baptista Ashe. 

Loss of the records renders it impossible to give 

names of successors, if any, after the last quoted 

date, until 

1896 Honorable Wilson Gray Lamb. 

vice-presidents 

1783 Brevet Brigadier-General Thomas Clark. 
Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
names of successors, if any, after this date, until 

1897 Honorable Graham Daves, A. B. 
1904 Mr. John Collins Daves, A. B. 

secretaries 

1783 Chaplain Adam Boyd. 

1787 Brevet Major Howell Tatum. 

70 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
names of successors, if any, after this date, until 
1896 Mr. James Iredell McRee. 
1896 Brigadier-General Charles Lukens Davis, 

U. S. Army, Retired. 

assistant secretaries 

1896 Honorable Graham Daves, A. B. 

1897 Mr. Marshall De Lancey Haywood. 

treasurers 

1787 Brevet Major Robert Fenner. 

Loss of records renders it impossible to give 
names of predecessors or successors, if any, until 
1896 Mr. John Collins Daves, A. B. 
1904 Mr. Walter De Lyle Carstarphen. 

assistant treasurers 

1896 Mr. Walter De Lyle Carstarphen. 
1904 Mr. Bennehan Cameron. 

chaplain 

1897 Right Reverend Joseph Blount Cheshire, 

D.D. 



71 



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88 



t 

NECROLOGY 

OF THE 

NORTH CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE 
CINCINNATI 

SINCE ITS REORGANIZATION, APRIL 4, 1896 

t 
DENNY PORTERFIELD HADLEY 

Born in Williamson County, Tennessee, May ii, 1825. 

Died at Brentwood, Williamson County, Tenn., Febru- 
ary 8, 1897. 

Grandson of Captain Joshua Hadley, ist North Caro- 
lina Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 
WILLIAM POLK 

A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
Born in Salisbury, N. C, November 17, 182 1. 
Died in New Orleans, La., January 24, 1898. 
Grandson of Major William Polk, 9th North Carolina 
Continental Infantry — an original member. 

89 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 
t 

WILLIAM DANIEL GRANT 

Born in Athens, Ga., August i6, 1837. 
Died in Atlanta, Ga., November 7, 1901. 
Great-grandson of Ensign Thomas Grant, 6th North 
CaroHna Continental Infantry. 

t 
HONORABLE ROBERT FALLIGANT 

Judge of the Eastern Judicial Circuit of Georgia. 

Born in Savannah, Ga., July 12, 1839. 

Died in Savannah, Ga., January 3, 1902. 

Great-grandnephew of Brevet Major Robert Raiford, 
2d North Carolina Continental Infantry — an origi- 
nal member. 

t 
WILLIAM LAW MURFREE, LL.B. 

Professor of Law, State University of Colorado. 

A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 

A charter member of the Society, February 16, 1899. 

Born in Murfreesboro, Tenn., March 26, 1854. 

Died in Boulder, Col., January 25, 1902. 

Great-grandson of Lieutenant-Colonel Hardy Murfree, 
1st North Carolina Continental Infantry — an origi- 
nal member. 

90 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

t 

HONORABLE RUFUS KING POLK 

Late 1st Lieutenant I2th Pennsylvania Volunteer In- 
fantry. 

Representative 17th Congressional District, Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Born in Maury County, Tenn., August 23, 1866. 

Died in Philadelphia, Pa., March 5, 1902. 

Great-grandnephew of Lieutenant Thomas Polk, 4th 
North Carolina Continental Infantry, killed at Eutaw 
Springs, September 8, 178 1. 

t 

GRAHAM DAVES, A. B. 

An honorary member of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
President Roanoke Colony Memorial Association. 
Born in New Berne, N. C, July 16, 1836. 
Died in Asheville, N. C, October 27, 1902. 
Grandson of Captain John Daves, 3d, North Carolina 
Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 
LOUIS ALEXANDER FALLIGANT, M.D. 

Born in Savannah, Ga., October 25, 1836. 
Died in Savannah, Ga., July 5, 1903. 

91 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Great-grandson of Lieutenant John Raiford, 2d North 
Carohna Infantry. 

t 
JOHN INNES KANE 

Late 1st Lieutenant 24th United States Infantry. 

Late Captain 202d New York Volunteer Infantry. 

Born in Sing Sing, N. Y., November 13, 1849. 

Died in Hague, Lake George, N. Y., August 6, 1904. 

Great-grandnephew of Brevet Brigadier- General 
Thomas Clark, Colonel ist North Carolina Conti- 
nental Infantry — an original member. 

t 

BENNETT HOGUN HENLEY 

Born in Aberdeen, Miss., September 21, i860. 

Died in Llano, Texas, April 15, 1904. 

Great-great-great-grandson of Brigadier-General 
James Hogun, Continental Army, who died a pris- 
oner of war at HaddrcU's Point, Charleston Harbor, 
S. C, January 4, 178 1. 

t 
STOKELY DONELSON HAYS 

Born in Jackson, Tenn., April 4, 1852. 
Died in Jackson, Tenn., December 24, 1905. 

92 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Great-grandson of Lieutenant Robert Hays, ist North 
Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 

WILLIAM POLK 

Born in Hamilton Place, Maury County, Tenn., Febru- 
ary I, 1839. 

Died in Memphis, Tenn., April 5, igo6. 

Great-grandson of Colonel Thomas Polk, 4th North 
Carolina Continental Infantry. 

t 

ROBERT JOSEPH BREVARD, M. D. 

Born in Tallahassee, Fla., December 15, 1848. 
Died in Charlotte, N. C, August 11, 1906. 
Grandson of Captain Alexander Brevard, 3d North 
Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 
ALEXANDER MITCHELL BAKER 

Born in New Berne, N. C, August 22, 1849. 
Died in San Francisco, Cal., October 30, 1906. 
Great-grandson of Lieutenant Curtis Ivey, 4th North 
Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 



9,^ 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

t 

WILLIAM JOHNSON SAUNDERS 

A reorganizer of the Society, April 4, 1896. 
A charter member of the Society, February 16, 1899. 
Born in Raleigh, N. C, January 3, 1835. 
Died in Raleigh, N. C, November 16, 1906. 
Grandson of Lieutenant William Saunders, 4th North 
Carolina Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 

ARTHUR ORVILLE SLAUGHTER 

Born in Scott County, Ky., August 3 1, 1840. 
Died in San Antonio, Tex., January 22, 1907. 
Grand-nephew of Captain John Slaughter, 12th Virginia 
Continental Infantry — an original member. 

t 

JOHN IZARD MIDDLETON 

Born in Charleston, S. C, February 16, 1834. 

Died in Baltimore, Md., March 20, 1907. 

Great-great-grandson of Brigadier-General John 
Ashe, North Carolina State Troops in Continental 
Service, who died in service. 



94 



BY-LAWS OF THE NORTH CAROLINA 
SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

ARTICLE I 
Officers, Committees and Meetings 
Ofjlcers 

Section i. The Officers of the Society shall consist of 
a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secre- 
tary, a Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, and a Chaplain, 
who shall constitute a Standing Committee. 

Election and Term of Officers 

Section 2. The Officers shall be chosen by ballot at 
the annual meeting, on the Twenty-Second of February of 
each year, and shall hold office for the term of one year, or 
until their successors are chosen. 

Duties of Officers 

Section 3. The President, or in his absence, the Vice- 
President, shall preside at all meetings of the Society and of 
the Standing Committee. 

The Secretary shall keep and have charge of all the 
records and papers of the Society and of the Standing Com- 
mittee. He shall call all meetings of the Society and Stand- 
ing Committee, by mailing notice to each member within a 
reasonable time of the meetings of the same. The Assistant 

95 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Secretary shall assist the Secretary in his duties and act in his 
absence or disability. 

The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds and property 
of the Society with power, on the approval of the Standing 
Committee, to invest and reinvest the funds and to disburse 
the income thereof. He shall give bond to the Society for the 
faithful discharge of his trust, which bond must be approved 
by the Standing Committee. At the annual meeting of the 
Society the President shall appoint two members to audit the 
accounts of the Treasurer, and to verify the securities in his 
charge. The Assistant Treasurer shall assist the Treasurer in 
his duties and act in his absence or disability. 

The Chaplain shall be an ordained clergyman of a Christian 
church and shall perform all religious functions connected 
with the Society. 

Duties of Standing Committee 

Section 4. The Standing Committee shall have charge of 
the welfare and general concerns of the Society, as well as all 
other matters committed to them by it. They shall hold 
meetings at such times as they shall determine, but at least 
once a year. They shall consider all applications for admis- 
sion to the Society and recommend such applicants as they 
deem to be entitled and worthy. They shall keep a record 
of their proceedings, which shall be open to inspection by any 
member of the Society, and shall be read to the Society at its 
next following meeting. The assent of a majority of the mem- 
bers of the Standing Committee shall be necessary for any of 

96 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

its acts. Special meetings of the Committee may be called at 
any time by the direction of the President, and shall be called 
upon the request, in writing, of three members thereof. 

Meetings 

Section 5. The annual meeting of the Society shall be on 
the Twenty-Second of February of each year, to be held in 
such place in the State as may be determined upon by the 
Standing Committee. Special meetings may be called at any 
time, by direction of the President, and such meetings shall 
be called upon the request, in writing, often members, stating 
the object of the meeting. 

Quorum 

Section 6. Seven members shall constitute a quorum of 
the Society. 

Order of Business 

Section 7. The order of business shall be as follows: 
(i) Prayer, Roll Call and Reading of the Original In- 
stitution of the Order. 

(2) Reading of the Minutes of the last meetings of the 
Society and of the Standing Committee. 

(3) Election of Members. 

(4) Report of Officers and Committees. 

(5) Unfinished and New Business. 

(6) Nomination and Election of Officers and Delegates 
to the General Society. 

(7) Adjournment. 

97 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

ARTICLE II 

Membership 
Applications 

Section i. All applications for admission shall be in writ- 
ing to the Standing Committee, who shall consider and report 
upon the same to the Society at its annual meeting. 

Eligibility 

Section 2. No person shall be eligible to membership 
who shall be under twenty-one years of age. Every appHcant 
to be eligible must have the qualifications stated in the In- 
stitution of the Society, or under the Rule of 1854 adopted 
by the General Society. Among descendants of original mem- 
bers or others who shall be eligible, this Society reserves the 
absolute right to choose such one as seems to it best fitted 
to promote the ends of the Society, but it will ordinarily be 
guided by the following principles: 

I. The succession shall descend in the eldest male line so 
long as it continues unbroken. 

II. If the eldest male line fails, the next male line shall be 
taken. 

III. In case of the failure of the male line, the line which 
descended the greatest number of generations from the origi- 
nal member before a failure of males, shall ordinarily be 
taken. 

IV. The claims of descendants through female lines shall 
be determined by the same rules of primogeniture as in case 
of claims through the male line, so far as applicable. 

98 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

V. A waiver by any person shall be regarded only as the 
renunciation of a claim, not as the transfer of a right. 

VI. No waiver, express or implied, shall be considered 
as affecting the rights of a minor son, — except for special 
reasons satisfactory to the Society. 

VII. Where for any reason the Society deviates from the 
strict rules in electing a member, it shall not be considered 
as changing permanently the order of succession, but upon 
the death of such member, the old order may be restored. 

VIII. As the Society for the support of the principles to 
which it is pledged may justly require its membership to be 
kept full, it may upon satisfactory evidence that an ehgible 
person has had knowledge of his claim and neglected to apply 
within a reasonable time, — treat it as a waiver of the claim. 
If a vacancy has existed for many years, the Society may 
admit any descendant of the original member at its discretion. 

Election to Membership 

Section 3. Applicants whose cases have been favorably 
reported upon by the Standing Committee, may be elected 
to membership in the Society at its annual meeting by ballot. 

Entrance Fees 

Section 4. Theamountto be contributed to the permanent 
fund of the Society, before an applicant can become a member 
thereof, shall be as follows: 

For a membership endowed in perpetuity by an applicant 
whose propositus was an original member of the Society or 

LOfC 99 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

who "Died in the Service," One Hundred and Fifty Dollars; 
by an applicant whose propositus comes under the "Rule of 
1854," Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars. 

For a life membership by an applicant whose propositus 
was an original member of the Society or who " Died in the 
Service," Fifty Dollars; by an applicant whose propositus 
comes under the "Rule of 1854," One Hundred Dollars. 

The payments, however, on life membership, are to be 
credited toward an endowed membership, the cost of which 
is to be debited against the membership. 

All life and endowed membership fees, as well as dona- 
tions, which shall be paid the Society, shall remain forever to 
the use of the Society as a permanent fund, the income only 
of which may be expended. 

Honorary Members 

Section 5. The admission of honorary members, for 
life only, shall be confined to those who shall be eminent lineal 
descendants or representatives of those who were distinguished 
by high military or civil virtues and services in the Revolu- 
tionary War. An honorary member has no title to any 
portion of the funds of the Society, and no one shall be 
admitted to honorary membership, except upon the recom- 
mendation of the Standing Committee. 

Declaration 

Section 6. Members of this Society shall subscribe to 
the following declaration: 

100 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati 

I, do declare that I am 

the of and having had the honor 

to be admitted to membership in the North Caroh'na Society 
of the Cincinnati, I do hereby most solemnly promise and 
engage that I will be guided and governed by the rules of said 
Society, vehich may have been or may hereafter be established, 
agreeably to the Institution as signed by the original members. 
In testimony whereof I hereunto subscribe my name and 
pledge my sacred honor. 

Done at on the day of. 19 

Seal 

Section 7. The Society shall have a Seal, two inches in 
diameter, and which shall comprise thereon the insignia of 
the Order, viz.. An eagle displayed, bearing on its breast 
the obverse of the medal of the Society with the motto. 
Omnia reliquit servare rempuhlicam, surrounding the same; 
above, thirteen stars in a semicircle; beneath, on a scroll, the 
motto of the Order, Esto perpetua; around the whole, the 
legend. North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati, Instituted 
MDCCLXXXIII. The Secretary shall be the custodian of 
the Seal. 

Diploma 

Section 8. Every member, upon his admission to the 
Society, shall purchase a diploma to be signed by the Presi- 
dent of the Society and countersigned by the Secretary, for 
which diploma he shall pay the Treasurer the sum of Five 

101 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF 

Dollars. The fee thus paid, shall be for the use of the Society 
and be considered a part of the revenue for the current year. 
The form of the diploma shall be as follows: 

Be it Known that 

is a (or an Honorary) Member of the Society of the CINCIN- 
NATI, instituted by the officers of the American Army at the 
Period of its Dissolution, as well to commemorate the great 
event which gave Independence to NORTH AMERICA, as 
for the laudable purpose of inculcating the duty of laying 
down in Peace, Arms assumed for public Defence, and of 
uniting in Acts of brotherly Affection and Bonds of perpetual 
Friendship, the Members constituting the same. 

In Testimony whereof, I, the President of the North Caro- 
lina Society of the Cincinnati, have hereunto set my Hand and 
the Seal of the said Society, at Raleigh, in the State of North 
Carolina, this Twenty-Second Day of February in the Year of 

our Lord, One Thousand Nine Hundred and 

and in the One Hundred and Year of the 

Independence of the United States. 
By order, 

SEAL 

Secretary. President. 

Insignia 

Section 9. The Order of the Society shall be worn at all 
the meetings by the members, who may obtain it through the 
Treasurer. 

102 



THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

Transfers 
Section io. The members of the sister State Societies 
residing, either temporarily or permanently, in North Caro- 
lina, shall be sent notices of the meetings of the Society, and 
when they attend, they shall be noted on the minutes as being 
present; that, furthermore, they shall be the guests of the 
Society at any of its social functions, but that no members of 
other State Societies shall be received in transfer, nor shall 
this Society transfer any of its members. 

Amendments 

Section ii. These By-Laws may be altered or amended 
at any meeting of the Society, the call for which shall state 
the substance of the alterations or amendments proposed. 



AN ACT TO INCORPORATE THE NORTH 
CAROLINA SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI 

The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact: 

Section i. That John Gray Blount, John Myers Blount, 
John Collins Daves, Richard Bradley Hill, Wilson Gray 
Lamb, James Iredell McRee, William Law Murfree, William 
Johnson Saunders, Lee H. Yarborough and all such persons 
as may from time to time be associated with them, and 
their successors, be and they are hereby constituted a body 
politic and corporate by the name of the North Carolina 
Society of the Cincinnati, to be located at Raleigh, for the 
purpose of carrying out the principles of said Society and 
to succeed to all the rights, property and privileges of said 
Society as originally organized at Hillsborough in October, 
1783: with the power to hold real and personal estate, by 
subscription, grant, purchase or devise, and to sell or invest 
the same for the benefit of said society and the beneficia- 
ries thereof; to have a common seal; to make contracts 
in relation to the objects of the charitable fund of the 
said society; to sue and be sued; to establish by-laws and 
rules for the regulation of said society and the preservation 
and application of the funds thereof, not inconsistent with 
the laws of the State of North Carolina or of the United 
States. 

105 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Section 2. This act shall be in force from and after its 
ratification. 

In the General Assembly read three times, and ratified 
this the 1 6th day of February, a. d. 1899. 

C. A. Reynolds, 
President of the Senate. 
H. G. Conner, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. 



CAMBRIDGE • MASSACHUSETTS 
U • S • A 



KUb 



17 



